Jenny,+Rachel


 * [[file:Soc presentation .key]]

Pirates of the Caribbean on Stranger Tides Actors: Male- Johnny Depp gesticulations: 164 screen time: 107/136 minutes Female- Penelope Cruz gesticulations: 43 screen time: 74/136 minutes Avatar Male- Sam Worthington gesticulation:s 84 screen time:156/161 minutes Female Zoe Saldara gesticulations: 102 screen time: 103/161 minute ||

**PROJECT PLAN**

**Purpose:** To compare the number of gesticulations between a man and a woman as portrayed in American and South Korean media in order to determine the differences and similarities in the dramatic perception of how men and women communicate with others.

**Hypothesis:** In both cultures, a woman would gesticulate more than a man. An American woman will tend to gesticulate more when she is interacting with others than a South Korean woman.

**Method:** Select top 3 movies from each of South Korea and the US according to a reliable source. Select a man and a woman to observe throughout the movie. Record the number of times the man and the woman gesticulate throughout the movie. Record the amount of time the man and the woman are on screen for in unit seconds. Determine the ratio of the number of gesticulations to the number of seconds the woman is on screen for. This will serve as the standard for the comparison between genders and cultures. Pool the ratios (total number of gesticulations / total time on screen) according to each category:
 * South Korean women
 * American women
 * South Korean men
 * American men

**Potential Errors:** We are basing our research entirely on what we observe in movies in order to control the setting of our observations better. However, this method can result in serious errors when concluding something about society because of the limitations on accuracy in representing society with a movie (see Jenny’s reviews on scholarly literature on this topic). The number of movies that we are using as our data is not substantial. Also, characters in movies are often limited to what they are supposed to convey to the audience. Considering the gesticulations and other contributions in communicating with each other “natural” is difficult because their main purpose is to entertain and audience. On that note, another potential source of error is the variety of situations that affect the variance in the number of gesticulations one makes, such as intense feelings of passion (ie. love, hatred), desperate situations, level of formality required, extremely loud situations that call for more gesticulations than usual etc.

Rachel: 1. In Do Men & Women Use Nonverbal Communication Differently? By David Carnes, women tend to be the better gender at reading and communication by using a nonverbal language. Women are also better at reading unintentional nonverbal communication such as deception. According to Jo Freeman, author of "Women: A Feminist Perspective," men rely on more obvious gestures and are more likely to use their hands to express themselves. In facial expressions women tend to be the experts. They want to establish an emotional connection with the person they are communication with. They also tend to be closer to the person that they are talking with than men. In different cultures the proximity that someone stands next to the person they are talking to varies. Also men are more likely to interpret touching as sexual intentions than women. This article is related to our research because nonverbal communication is what our research project is all about. You have to know the basics of nonverbal communication to perform a research project in which you study them. 2. In the article Nonverbal Communication between the Genders by Shai Coggins, nonverbal communication is defined by tone of voice, body language, facial expressions, gestures, physical movements, and eye movements. Men are less likely to make eye contact while talking to someone because it has to do with dominance and power thing. Humans tend to look directly into the eyes of someone we like more than someone we dislike. Gestures vary in men and women. Women tend to be more tensed while men are more relaxed. Overall the article says that women are usually the better sex at nonverbal communication because they pick up on them more often than men do. Nonverbal communication between the Genders, by Shai Coggins does a great job defining terms which makes it easier for someone to understand and thus apply it more easily. There is a theme that women are the better sex at nonverbal communication because we use it more. This will be helpful while looking at our own research because we will be able to watch the women more closely because we somewhat know what to expect from them. 3. Laurrel J. Dunn’s article Nonverbal Communication: Information Conveyed Through the Use of Body Language, states that “Nonverbal communication is a silent infiltrator, having broad influence over our social environment.” Research has shown girls display more neutering communication behavior than boys and this would account for a higher sensitivity to nonverbal cues. It also says that there is a higher motive for women to use nonverbal communication more than men and that would suggest that women are the experts on that subject. This source is saying about the exact same thing that all of the others do. Women are better at interpreting nonverbal communication and exchanging nonverbal cues than men are. This source just confirms what we have already known because the author has a doctorate in sociology. 4. In the article Gender and Nonverbal Communication, the author gives examples of how men and women act in certain situations and what their responses are. One example is that women use more facial expressions to reveal emotion than men do. Another is that women use more gestures when talking to the opposite sex than with other women. A final example would be that men often interpret a women’s touch as a sexual invitation. This source helps us know what to look for when we run our experiment. Without knowing what to look for we would not be able to run this experiment correctly. 5. The article Nonverbal Communication Modes gives examples and explains what nonverbal communication is exactly. “Nonverbal communication involves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.” The author says that nonverbal communication regulates, accents, repeats, complements, and substitute communication. This source also shows cultural differences in nonverbal communication.

With this article we can better understand cultural differences in nonverbal communication. This helps because we are studying the differences in the United States vs. South Korea. By knowing several different examples of differences it allows us to better acknowledge and appreciate the differences. It also takes away from the shock that we might get by looking at another cultures nonverbal communication.

Literature summary

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The article is an informal investigation into the comparison between movie and reality. The author ponders the question of what credibility refers to in a cinematic fiction. Every movie or novel is based on an unbelievable situation in real life. Even the works that seem to be completely real or even based on true stories follow this format because the stories show what would happen when ordinary people face out-of-ordinary situations. The fantastical aspect of the stories is what hooks the audience into them. However, the point of excitement once drawn in to the story is the reaction of the “real” world to the “unreal” situation - which limits the stories to include only one source of incredibility in the movie. A conflict would be meaningless in an entirely fantastical movie because the conflict would have to elicit a certain emotion from the audience, in empathy with the hero instead of merely observing. It would take away the depth to the characters and theme to the story if the audience is unable to recognize human nature in the characters. Self-examination or enlightenment would not take place.

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This article reviews a film “Act of Valor,” praising its accurate depiction of reality in the movie. In fact, the actors in the movie were not professional actors but real active duty Navy SEALs. The point of attraction for this movie, the author argues, is the sheer similarity between what is shown on screen and what is actually real. The jungles, the oceans and the deserts were all depicted in the most accurate manner while capturing the cinematic beauty as well. The author is deeply impressed by the realism. The interaction between the Navy SEALs and their reaction to the each situation were as realistic as possible - the gun fights, the chase scenes as well as the final scene of the movie all exuded realism in how the real life characters would deal with similar situation. The author also mentions the more relatable appearances and reputations of the actors for had Tom Cruise or Edward Norton would have played any of the roles, the realism would be missing. The weak point of the movie was, in fact, the acting, where the urgency and the intensity were missing from the dialogues, considering the level of professionalism in the actors as well as the movie sets.

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The article is a formal research conducted by Acta University regarding reality and fiction in classical hungarian documentaries, as to fictional accounts of history. International classical documentaries tended to show fiction instead of reality, bring up the question of a realistic documentation of life. Meanwhile, the documentaries that are deemed to be inaccurate are extremely well received by the public and are growing more popular in both the commercial media and the art houses. The researchers argue that documentaries are blurred by the element of fiction that intervenes with the “reality” by the director. While filming reality is relatively easy, maintiaining a neutral stance on the filmed materials is not.